Rabu, 08 Oktober 2014

Hak pada UUD NRI 1945 dikaitkan dengan ICCPR dan ICESCR



Perubahan (Amandemen Keempat) UUD NRI 1945 dikaitkan dengan ICCPR dan ICESCR mengenai:
-          - Hak sipil dan politik
-          - Hak ekonomi, social, dan budaya
-          - Hak atas pembangunan
-          - Green Constitution (lingkungan)

Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 (UUD NRI 1945)
-          Pasal 6, 6A: syarat pencalonan dan pemilihan capres dan wapres satu paket dari parpol dipilih melalui pemilu
-          Pasal 7, 7A, 7B, 8: periode dan pemberhentian presiden
-          Pasal 14: hak presiden memberi grasi dan rehabilitasi, amnesti dan abolisi
-          Pasal 18, 18A, 18B: otonomi daerah
-          Pasal 19: DPR dipilih melalui pemilu
-          Pasal 20: DPR membuat UU bersama persetujuan presiden
-          Pasal 20A: DPR fungsi legislasi, fungsi anggaran, dan fungsi pengawasan
-          Pasal 22C: anggota DPD dipilih melalui pemilu distrik, 4 anggota tiap daerah
-          Pasal 22D: hak legislasi DPD dan pengawasan berkaitan dengan otonomi daerah; hubungan pusat dan daerah; pembentukan, pemekaran, dan penggabungan daerah; pengelolaan sumber daya alam dan sumber daya ekonomi lainnya, serta perimbangan keuangan pusat dan daerah
-          Pasal 22E: pemilu
-          Pasal 23: anggaran pendapatan dan belanja Negara dibuat presiden kemudian disetujui DPR guna sebesar-besar kemakmuran rakyat
-          Pasal 23A: pajak dan pungutan paksa
-          Pasal 24, 24A, 24B, 24C: kekuasaan kehakiman
-          Pasal 26: hak kewarganegaraan
-          Pasal 27: sama di depan hokum dan pemerintahan wajib menjunjung, pekerjaan dan kehidupan layak
-          Pasal 28: hak aspirasi dan apresiasi
-          Pasal 29: hak beragama dan berkeyakinan
-          Pasal 30: hak dan wajib bela Negara
-          Pasal 31, 32: hak pendidikan dan kebudayaan
-          Pasal 33: kekeluargaan, terkait hajat hidup orang banyak dikuasai Negara dan digunakan sebesar-besar kemakmuran rakyat
-          Pasal 34: fakir miskin dirawat Negara, jaminan social bagi yang kurang mampu

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)
-          Article 2: The right to legal recourse when their rights have been violated, even if the violator was acting in an official capacity.
-          Article 3: The right to equality between men and women in the enjoyment of their civil and political rights.
-          Article 6: The right to life and survival.
-          Article 7: The freedom from inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
-          Article 8: The freedom from slavery and servitude.
-          Article 9: The right to liberty and security of the person and freedom from arbitrary arrest or detention.
-          Article 11: The freedom from prison due to debt.
-          Article 12: The right to liberty and freedom of movement
-          Article 14: The right to equality before the law; the right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty and to have a fair and public hearing by an impartial tribunal.
-          Article 16: The right to be recognised as a person before the law.
-          Article 17: The right privacy and its protection by the law.
-          Article 18: The freedom of thought, conscience and religion.
-          Article 19: The freedom of opinion and expression.
-          Article 20: Prohibition of propaganda advocating war or national, racial or religious hatred.
-          Article 21: The right to peaceful assembly.
-          Article 22: The right to freedom of association.
-          Article 23: The right to marry and found a family
-          Article 24: The rights for children (status as minors, nationality, registration and name).
-          Article 25: The right to participate in the conduct of public affairs, to vote and to be elected and access to public service.
-          Article 26: The right to equality before the law and equal protection
-          Article 27: The right, for members of religious, ethnic or linguistic minorities, to enjoy their culture, practice their religion and use their language.
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)
-          Article 1: All peoples have the right of selfdetermination, including the right to determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development.
-          Article 2: Each State Party undertakes to take steps to the maximum of its available resources to achieve progressively the full realization of the rights in this treaty. Everyone is entitled to the same rights without discrimination of any kind.
-          Article 3: The States undertake to ensure the equal right of men and women to the enjoyment of all rights in this treaty.
-          Article 4: Limitations may be placed on these rights only if compatible with the nature of these rights and solely for the purpose of promoting the general welfare in a democratic society.
-          Article 5: No person, group or government has the right to destroy any of these rights.
-          Article 6: Everyone has the right to work, including the right to gain one's living at work that is freely chosen and accepted.
-          Article 7: Everyone has the right to just conditions of work; fair wages ensuring a decent living for himself and his family; equal pay for equal work; safe and healthy working conditions; equal opportunity for everyone to be promoted; rest and leisure.
-          Article 8: Everyone has the right to form and join trade unions, the right to strike.
-          Article 9: Everyone has the right to social security, including social insurance.
-          Article 10: Protection and assistance should be accorded to the family. Marriage must be entered into with the free consent of both spouses. Special protection should be provided to mothers. Special measures should be taken on behalf of children, without discrimination. Children and youth should be protected from economic exploitation. Their employment in dangerous or harmful work should be prohibited. There should be age limits below which child labor should be prohibited.
-          Article 11: Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living for himself and his family, including adequate food, clothing and housing. Everyone has the right to be free from hunger.
-          Article 12: Everyone has the right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health.
-          Article 13: Everyone has the right to education. Primary education should be compulsory and free to all.
-          Article 14: Those States where compulsory, free primary education is not available to all should work out a plan to provide such education.
-          Article 15: Everyone has the right to take part in cultural life; enjoy the benefits of scientific progress.

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